Landsenses ecology theory application in ecological protection and restoration of watershed full-array ecosystems: a case study in Beipiao section, Daling River Basin

The ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems（mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands） is an important part of ecological civilization construction. Thus, under the organizations of related ministries, a total of 25 ecological protection and restoration pilot projects have been implemented across 24 provinces since 2016. This paper analyzes the application of landsenses ecology theory for ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in the typical resource-exhausted city of Beipiao section, Daling River Basin. It also proposes the comprehensive management framework of ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in Beipiao, Daling River Basin. With the goal of maintaining, improving and improving ecosystem services, the framework designed a four-dimensional guidance of ″problem identification, system governance, natural restoration and landscape construction″ for ecological protection and restoration. Aiming at the typical key problems of ecological environment, such as a large number of industrial and mining wasteland, serious soil and water loss, water environment pollution and backward environmental infrastructure of villages and towns, the framework carry out the systematic management of full-array ecosystems with the watershed as the unit. In order to reduce the amount of project and capital investment, the method of ″rewilding″ is emphasized in the area dominated by natural ecosystem. In order to promote the effect of ecological protection and restoration, the theory and method of landsenses ecology are applied in the area where human activities are concentrated. The implementation path of the framework includes ecological security, ecological health and ecological well-being. Through the application of the meliorization model, the contents of ecological protection and restoration within the framework are constantly adjusted and optimized to achieve regional sustainable development. Aiming at maintaining and improving the important ecosystem services needed for sustainable development, the paper constructs the landsense creation system for ecological protection and restoration, as "one core, two key points, five elements and six projects". The study area is divided five main protection and restoration areas, which forms an ecological security pattern as "one belt and four districts". Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions including: to construct the comm