Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sensing in composite lognormal-Hoyt fading channel

The Nakagami-q (or Hoyt) fading model is known as an enriched fading model as it can characterize more severity of fading than Rayleigh fading model. In this paper, the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing is evaluated under Hoyt fading channel, along with the effects of co-existence of shadowing considered. The hard-decision fusion rule i.e., m-out-of-N rule is used with the local sensing aided by energy detection. For shadowed fading, we have considered composite lognormal-Hoyt fading channel with varying shadowing parameters. The analytical expression for probability of detection over composite lognormal-Hoyt fading channel is derived in two different forms. Also, the optimal threshold corresponding to minimum probability of error is analysed mathematically. We validate the numerical results obtained for the probability of detection with the Monte-Carlo simulation results under different shadowing conditions. Also, the optimal threshold values obtained through numerical methods using MATLAB are compared with the results of numerical simulations to verify the mathematical analysis. Further, it was noted that the OR-rule (m = 1) emerged as the decision fusion rule that would minimize the probability of error than other fusion rules with m > 1.