积极反叙实动词与消极反叙实动词——以“当”为例

The verb dang is a counter-factive predicate, which has two semantic types: one is the negative counter-factive predicate（dang1）, indicating "previous misunderstanding"; the other is the positive counter-factive predicate（dang2）, meaning "provisional permission". The speaker uses dang1 in order to identify and correct mistakes; the speaker uses dang2 to turn harm into benefit. The positive-negative bifurcation of counter-factive predicates is not an individual phenomenon, but represents a paradigm.