The Socio-Cultural Drivers of The Protein Transition: New Trends In The Global Diet
The term nutrition transition refers to dietary changes that occur in low and middle income countries (LMIC) in response to economic development. Traditional food patterns evolve in response to changes in food retail, more processed foods, and eating away from home. Consumption of traditional starch...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2019-01, Vol.75, p.37 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The term nutrition transition refers to dietary changes that occur in low and middle income countries (LMIC) in response to economic development. Traditional food patterns evolve in response to changes in food retail, more processed foods, and eating away from home. Consumption of traditional starchy staples declines with rising incomes, to be replaced by added sugars and by vegetable oils and fats. Based on studies of global dietary trends, the proportion of energy from sugars and fats is a function of both incomes and urbanization. By contrast, the proportion of protein in the diet remains virtually constant, regardless of incomes. Although plant-derived proteins tend to be replaced by animal proteins, the shift is not purely driven by economics. In South East Asia, the choice of animal proteins from among beef, pork, poultry, dairy or fish tends to be influenced by geography, ethnicity and religion and by the social and cultural historical context. Depending on location, plant proteins from staple grains can be replaced by meat (beef or pork), poultry or fish, or by milk and dairy products, including yogurt and cheese. Countries in SE Asia have shown rapid growth in meat consumption (poultry and fish) but not dairy; pork consumption in China has risen rapidly. Animal proteins in India come from rising milk consumption. Clearly, cultural and religious factors, in addition to incomes, are among the drivers of protein food choice. The newly identified "protein transition", viewed here as a subset of the nutrition transition, illustrates how the drivers of protein food choice are not purely economic but can also involve deeper societal, cultural, and ethical concerns. Such mixed-model studies point to the need of joining nutritional epidemiology methods with the social sciences in the study of evolving Asian food systems. |
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ISSN: | 0250-6807 1421-9697 |
DOI: | 10.1159/000501751 |