Evolution of wind energy conversion system and recent challenges in grid integration: A review

The global demand for electrical energy is expanding twice as quick as the demand for primary energy. Highly reliable and fine quality power are demanded in the present-day power system scenario. Distributed generation including wind turbines and solar photovoltaic systems are significant in the perception of green energy. Electricity generation with renewable power generators like wind and solar are preferred to avoid CO2 emissions. In the sustainable alternatives, wind energy is considered as one among the fastest evolving energy resources. The percentage of renewable energy in the worldwide generation increases day by day. In this paper, evolution of various wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) with their benefits and demerits are addressed. The increasing entry of power electronic converter (PEC) based renewable energy is transforming power system dynamics with new stability concerns. Several challenges like power quality issues, low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability, fault ride through (FRT) capability, power oscillations, primary frequency regulation (PFR), virtual inertia support etc in power system with the inclusion of wind energy are also discussed.