Spectroscopic diagnostic and structural characterization for (Selenium, Zinc oxide and Manganese oxide) prepared by laser induce plasma

In this paper, the plasma parameters of the three materials (selenium, zinc oxide, and manganese oxide) were calculated using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, where the plasma is generated by this technique through the interaction of the laser with the solid target and the calculation of the electron temperature and electron density. Also, the structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied. It was found from the standards that the crystal size (XRD) of the three materials decreases with increasing energy, and this corresponds to measurements of (AFM) where the average diameter decreases with increasing energy