Evaluation of transfer of lead in soil plant animal system: assessment of consequences of its toxicity

The instant endeavor was undertaken for determination of lead (Pb) in water, soil, forage, and cow’s blood domesticated in contaminated area of heavy automobiles’ exhaust in Sahiwal town of District Sargodha, Pakistan. Water samples showed that the concentration of Pb ranged from 1.14 to 0.44 mg kg −1 at all sites. It was maximum at site 5 and minimum at site 2. Soil samples showed the concentration of Pb at all sites ranged from 1.58 to 0.279 mg kg −1 . It was maximum in soil where Avena sativa was grown at site 5 and was found minimum in soil where Zea mays was grown at site 2. While among samples of forage, the concentration of Pb ranges from 0.048 to 2.002 mg kg −1 . The highest Pb amount was found in Brassica campestris at site 1 and the minimum was recorded in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 2. Finally, the blood samples of cow depicted that concentration of Pb ranged from 4.468 to 0.217 mg kg −1 . It was the maximum at site 1 and the minimum at site 3. It is recommended that such study should be conducted in other districts for public awareness.