The performance of γ-Fe2O3 and xGnP nanofluid in hard turning of AISI 420 stainless steel

Evaluation of the performance of two nanofluids (γ-Fe2O3 and xGnP) was investigated in hard turning of AISI 420 stainless steel (48 ±2 HRC) using coated carbide tools (KC5010) under minimum quantity lubrication. The investigation considered the tool life, cutting force and surface roughness responses at medium cutting speed and feed rate (135 m/min, 0.20 mm/rev) and constant depth of cut (0.2 mm). The concertation of nanofluids are 0.4% (1.6 g), 0.8% (3.2 g), and 1.2% (6.4 g) by weight of γ-Fe2O3 and xGnP. The results revealed the overall better performance of γ-Fe2O3 compared to xGnP. The better performance of γ-Fe2O3 was achieved at 0.8% concentration as it leads to the lowest surface roughness (0.18 μm), and cutting force (FX= 195 N) and highest tool life (8.31 min). However, the 0.4% of xGnP lead to the worst performance as it had the cutting force (FX= 285 N) and lowest tool life (3.27 min) while, highest surface roughness (0.26 μm) for both 0.4 γ-Fe2O3 and 0.8 xGnP. It is expected that this study finishings will improve the cutting condition which leads to the achievement of good geometry, enhancement of environmental friendliness, improvement of surface integrity, saving of time and reduction of cost in the manufacturing industries of hardened materials.