An interpretation and modification of the SWT function

In this paper, a new interpretation and modification of the SWT function in terms of the total damaging energy density are proposed and discussed. The total damaging energy density is the sum of the damaging part of the strain energy density and complementary energy density corresponding to the first quadrant in damaging σD‐εD axes. For cyclic loading with a positive mean stress (σm ≥ 0), the proposed function reduces to the original SWT formulation. For cyclic loading with a negative mean stress (σm