Parameterization of turbulent exchange in the polar regions

Sea ice plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system. Significant changes are currently taking place in the sea ice cover area. The structure of sea ice also is changed. Based on field measurements, the paper shows the importance of taking into account the morphometric (structural) inhomogeneities of sea ice for modeling its interaction with the atmosphere. The dependence of the drag coefficient and the aerodynamic parameter of roughness on the surface structure is considered. The drag coefficient nonlinearly depends on the ice concentration, the relative area of the puddles, on the width and configuration of the leads, on the spatial location and height of the hummocks, as well as on the atmospheric stability. The parameterizations proposed in the paper can be used to calculate fluxes in weather and climate models.