Evaluation of the Effect of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Central Macular Thickness in Adolescents

Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in adolescents. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included a total of 70 eyes of 35 patients and 42 eyes of 21 age-matched healthy control individuals. SCT and CMT were measured in all participants using enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography. Results: Forty eyes of 20 patients with Type 1 DM, 30 eyes of 15 patients with Type 2 DM and 42 eyes of 21 healthy controls were examined. SCT was significantly lower in type 1 DM group than in type 2 DM group (p=0.008). CMT did not significantly differ among the three groups (p=0.412). SCT and CMT did not correlate with HbA1c, BMI, fasting blood glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels and also duration of diabetes. Conclusion: We revealed that the SCT was significantly thinner in Type 1 diabetic adolescents than type 2 DM. Larger series and further studies are needed to better demonstrate this different effect on choroidal layer.