Reply: COVID-19 Experience and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Do Earlier Theses and New Data Still Match?

Lee at al provide a response to the comment of Segura de la Cal et al on their paper regarding COVID-19 incidence and outcomes among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. They explain that although case fatality rates for COVID-19 have been hard to estimate, overall and age-specific case fatality rates have been reported in the general population of New York and may be reasonable benchmarks. Existing population studies consistently suggest the same or a higher risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19 in patients with PAH/CTEPH relative to the general population. There are deficiencies in available population data, and the results contrast with hypotheses at the bench that may suggest protection.