AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF TAMARIND FRUIT EXTRACT ON SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE PARAMETERS IN THE Saos-2 CELL LINE

The present study was designed to study the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the bone parameters in Sarcoma osteogenic (Saos-2) cell line and their amelioration by tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit extract (TFE). The cells were treated with different concentrations of NaF (0, 0.1,0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mM) and TFE (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 pg/mL). Based on the cell proliferation by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, 1.6 mM NaF and 60 pg/mL TFE concentrations for 72 hr was taken for further studies. The cells were divided into 4 different treatment groups [(i) control, (ii) 1.6 mM NaF, (iii) 1.6 mM NaF+60 pg/mL TFE, and (iv) TFE] and the bone parameters were analyzed in the cells (cell lysate) and the culture supernatant. The morphological changes in the Saos-2 cells due to the NaF toxicity were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the accumulation of intracellular F levels in the TFE treated group was significantly lower than in the cells treated with NaF alone. The extracellular levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were significantly increased in the NaF group whereas in the TFE treated cells they are significantly decreased and were comparable to the control group. The morphological changes shown by SEM were distorted cellular margins in the NaF treated cells whereas the TFE treated cells were comparable to those of the control group. The study concluded that the TFE treatment shows an ameliorative effect on the NaF induced alterations in the bone parameters and morphological changes in the Saos-2 cell line.