A systematic literature review (SLR): evaluation pharmacokinetic profile of drug combined p-glycoprotein (p-gp) alkaloid inhibitor in white rats (rattus norvegicus)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a protein transporter as an active efflux pump of many xenobiotics. P-gp plays an important role in the pharmacokinetic process that it will affect the bioavailability of the drug. Secondary metabolites of alkaloids are known to be P-gp inhibitors which can modulate P-gp expression so it will increase the bioavailability of various drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alkaloid administration as a P-gp inhibitor on the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs in white rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). This research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Articles were retrieved from the Science Direct and Pubmed databases from 2000 to 2020 with the inclusion criteria are P-gp substrate used as a synthetic drug also has a pharmacokinetic profile measurement and exclusion criteria are articles in English and there were no duplication of articles. SLR research results show that secondary metabolites of alkaloids can significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters of P-gp substrate such as the area under curve (AUC), peak plasma concentrations (C max ) and time to reach Cmax (T max ), clearance (Cl), distribution volume (Vd) and half-life (T 1/2 ) in white rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). Therefore, it shows that alkaloids can act as P-gp inhibitors.