A Comprehensive Survey on Portfolio Optimization, Stock Price and Trend Prediction Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Stock market trading has been a subject of interest to investors, academicians, and researchers. Analysis of the inherent non-linear characteristics of stock market data is a challenging task. A large number of learning algorithms are developed to study market behaviours and enhance the prediction accuracy; they have been optimized using swarm and evolutionary computation such as particle swarm optimization (PSO); its global optimization ability with continuous data has been exploited in financial domains. Limitations in the existing approaches and potential future research directions for enhancing PSO-based stock market prediction are discussed. This article aims at balancing the economics and computational intelligence aspects; it also analyzes the superiority of PSO for stock portfolio optimization, stock price and trend prediction, and other related stock market aspects along with implications of PSO.