Natural Extracts as Eco-Friendly Larvicides against Aedes aegypti Mosquito, Vector of Dengue Fever Virus in Jeddah Governorate

Severe human diseases are spread by mosquitoes, causing millions of deaths every year. Many well-known and severe problems have been caused by the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides, such as the residual insecticides for humans and environment and high operating cost in addition to the possibility of developing insect resistance.The larvicidal and delayed effects of the body wall extract of Holothuria scabra and leaves extract of Acalypha fruticosa against 4th instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of H. scabra recorded more larvicidal efficiency(LC50, 79.31 ppm) than A. fruticosa leaves extract (152.86 ppm) by about 1.93 folds.Morphological features showed abnormalities on the larval and pupal stages with H. scabra and to less extent with A. fruticosa. Therefore, it is possible to build on the results of this study to use these two extracts to control of A. aegypti mosquitoes and in line with recent trends in adopting combat methods that are safe on humans and the environment.