GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SOME LOCAL AND INTRODUCED GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND AMPELOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION

Grape cultivars have importance for breeding studies, because the genetic material use future grapevine improvement as a donor of valuable genes. The objectives of this study were the molecular and ampelographic characterization of ancient and introduced cultivars and the detection of the relationships between the accessions. This study presents the total of 39 ampelographic characters of different organs, in different phenological stages have identified for 29 grape genotypes. Ampelographic data have collected during two vegetation periods (two seasons) in an ex-situ collection of the experimental field of the Ege University. The characteristics of the vines have defined and measured according to OIV descriptors. According to the result of PCA performed in this study, eleven principal components were obtained, and they defined 79.173% of the genotypes with thirtynine ampelographic character. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis grouped 14 genotypes in the first cluster while the 15 genotypes were placed in the second cluster. The genetic relationships have defined with six SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers, and 65 polymorphic bands and matrix correlation (r) was calculated 0.79 were identified. The frequency of alleles was registered for VrZAG79 (39.66%), VVMD27 (35.48%), VVMD5 (35.48%), VrZAG62 (32.76%), VVS2 (30.31%) and VVMD7 (18.97%). The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.783 (VrZAG62) to 0.869 (VVMD7) and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0.483 (VrZAG62) to 0.897 (VVS2). Based on research results, ancient and introduced cultivars were separated two main cluster. The smaller main cluster included only one ancient culti-var- 'Buca Razakisi', separated from the other cluster. Based on the rates of similarities of cultivars included in the study, the highest rate was recorded for 'Okiizgozii-Petit Syrah' (93%). The results reported here are important first steps towards better characterization of these grape genotypes and would aid future germplasm management and breeding efforts.