High-resolution rotor-position detection for green vehicle drives at halt condition with statistical view

[...]the accurate RPD is considered as a crucial impact in maintaining optimum running of PM motors [13]. Particularly, at halt condition, the successful RPD preserves a reasonable primary operation and avoids reverse running or stall of rotor, while it ensures soft running with minimum torque ripple at low and high motor speeds. [...]various researching efforts have been achieved to preform the RPD over a wide speed range of motor running, from halt to high speed [11, 14]. [...]Figure 3 shows all possible series loops. [...]two additional voltage drops are measured (??2)?? and (??2)???.