Role of calcination on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles as a gas sensor

In this article, the aim is to establish the correlation between the calcination temperature and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles including gas sensing properties. For this purpose, the BaTiO 3 nanoparticles have been synthesized using the sol–gel method with low-temperature hydrolysis with varying calcination temperature and time. The structural, morphological, elemental, chemical, dielectric and gas sensing properties have been characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, RAMAN Spectroscopy and LCR Meter with Gas Sensing Unit. The cubic phase of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles has been confirmed by XRD and the estimated particle size obtained from 20.6 nm to 29.4 nm concerning the change in calcination temperature and time. The morphological study and crystal structure analysis have been performed using SEM and TEM images. Elemental identification has been done by EDX which indicates the presence of Ba, Ti and O in the synthesized compound. The formation of the cubic phase has also been confirmed by Raman analysis with a small shift in peaks toward the higher wave number side. Dielectric properties of synthesized BaTiO 3 nanoparticles have been investigated as a function of frequency with temperature variation from 30 to 150 °C. The sensitivity (%) as a function of flow rate and temperature of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles have been investigated and observed that BaTiO 3 nanoparticles calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h achieved the highest response toward NH 3 gas.