Evolution of ecosystems in the southern Yenisei Siberia in the Holocene

Ecosystems of different ranks are represented by components (climate, topography, soil, vegetation, wildlife, people). Over the course of evolution ecosystem components are interconnected with each other complexly. The study of any of them provides information about the evolution of the natural environment and material for identifying features of natural zoning, including regionality. Soil is a key component of the terrestrial ecosystem and many critical processes occur in the soil. The content of humus, its group and fractional composition allow us to draw conclusions about the genesis of paleosols. In the modern warming period – Holocene – there was a fluctuation of ecosystems on the territory of the southern Yenisei Siberia in the range: forest-tundra – forest (taiga) – steppe (forest-steppe).