Analysis of Technogenic Risk in the Assessment of Dust Emissions from the Metallurgical Complex on Cultivated Crops

The paper presents empirical data on technogenic emissions from the Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical plant (East Kazakhstan). The study was conducted on dark chestnut soil and indicator test plants (cereals: Secale cereale L., Triticium aestivum L.; cruciferous: Brassica juncea L., Lepidium sativum L .; legumes: Pisum sativum L ). Artificial dust pollution of industrial enterprises was produced in the following proportions 0,1%, 0,5%, 1,0%, 5,0%, 10,0% and 15.0% to the air-dry mass of the soil. During the laying of the model experiments used plastic containers. The soil was composted for 7 days at room temperature under conditions of full field moisture capacity. Environmental monitoring showed an intensive accumulation of lead in the root system of the test cultures. Eco-Toxicological analysis showed the phytotoxic effect of lead poisoning, which was manifested with minimal dust emission of industrial emissions (0.1% of dust in the soil), in which the biomass of germinated crops decreased by 11.1% relative to the control variant. Analysis of the dust load of the lead-zinc plant showed that at doses of 0.1-1% heavy metal (HM): Cd, Pb,Cu,Zn, there is a decrease in the growth processes of the test crops studied. With an increase in HM in the dust load (1.0%), a high level of bioaccumulation of HM was noted in cereals ( Secale cereale L .) and cruciferous ( Brassica juncea L ). It was found that the least accumulation of zinc, copper and lead ions was observed in cereals ( Triticium aestivum L .) and legumes ( Pisum sativum L .), and cadmium ions – in cruciferous ( Lepidium sativum L .). With a further increase in the HM concentration of 5%, a phytotoxic effect was detected, which amounted to 78% and with a dust load of 10-15%, the death of all the studied plants was noted.