Recent Advancement in Photo-Anode, Dye and Counter Cathode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: A Review

Photovoltaic cells are devices that directly convert sunlight into electricity and it is very simple method to utilize the solar energy. Development of low-cost and high-efficiency solar cell is necessary for the large-scale adaption of solar energy. O’Regan and Gratzel in 1991, developed a new cell called Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Inexpensiveness and easy fabrication technique make DSSC an attractive one. An attempt has been made to review the basic components of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, which influences the performance of the system. Specific inferences by the researchers around the globe obtained using various photo anodes, dyes and counter electrodes in DSSCs have been thoroughly examined, and the optimum material for a pronounced performance is highlighted. Also, different metals and nanomaterials encapsulated photo anodes and counter electrodes are considered for the review and presented.