DETERMINATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRICES OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA) PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY FROM HAT AY PROVINCE

The main objective of this study was to determined energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental prices for carrot production in Hatay province of Turkey. This study was performed for 2018 production season in Kinkhan district in Hatay province of Turkey. The data provided from study were collected from 50 different farms by face to face surveys with full count method. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in carrot production were calculated to determine the energy efficiency analysis. According to the study findings, the energy inputs in carrot production were calculated respectively as 14700.00 MJ ha-1 (35.63%) irrigation water energy, 11846.25 MJ ha-1 (28.72%) nitrogen fertilizer energy, 4306.71 MJ ha-1 (10.44%) diesel fuel energy, 3690.68 MJ ha-1 (8.95%) human labour energy, 2982.50 MJ ha-1 (7.23%) electricity energy, 1930.00 MJ ha-1 (4.68%) phosphate fertilizer energy, 1233.31 MJ ha-1 (2.99%) machinery energy, 267.50 MJ ha-1 (0.65%) insecticides energy, 150.00 MJ ha-1 (0.36%) farmyard manure energy, 112.50 MJ ha-1 (0.27%) potassium fertilizer energy and 35.00 MJ ha-1 (0.08%) seed energy. Agricultural energy input was calculated as 41254.45 M J ha-1. Agricultural energy output of carrot yield was calculated as 72760.24 MJ ha-1. Energy efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy calculations were calculated respectively as 1.76, 0.91 MJ kg-1, 1.10 kg MJ-1 and 31505.79 MJ -1. The consumed agricultural energy input in carrot production could be classified as 62.25% direct, 37.75% indirect, 45.03% renewable and 54.97% non-renewable. Total GHG emission was calculated as 4463.04 kgCO2-eq ha-1 for carrot production with the greatest portions for human labour (29.53%). The human labour followed up nitrogen fertilizer (26.96%), water consumption of irrigation (13.33%), electricity usage (11.16%), diesel fuel consumption (7.46%), phosphate fertilizer usage (6.38%), machine usage (1.96%), seed (1.56%), potassium fertilizer usage (0.81%), insecticides usage (0.52%)