Low assimilate partitioning to root biomass is associated with carbon losses at an intensively managed temperate grassland

Aims This study aimed to investigate how efficiently assimilated carbon (C) is incorporated in plant biomass at an intensively managed old permanent grassland, how C is partitioned between shoots and roots and what are the implications for C sequestration. Methods Using the eddy covariance technique, the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO 2 was measured for two years at a sandy grassland site in northern Germany. In addition to aboveground net primary production (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP) was observed using the ingrowth core method. Results The grassland showed a high productivity in terms of biomass yield (14.8 Mg dry matter ha −1 yr −1 ) and net CO 2 uptake (−2.82 Mg CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ). Photosynthetically assimilated C was converted to biomass with a high carbon use efficiency (CUE) of 71% during the growing season. However, a comparably low fraction of 17% of NPP was allocated to roots (f BNPP ). Consequently, the main fraction of NPP was removed during harvest, turning the site into a net source of 0.29 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . Conclusions Our study showed the flexibility of grass root growth patterns in response to alterations in resource availability. We conclude that highly fertilized grasslands can lose their ability for C sequestration due to low belowground C allocation.