Structural, optical and electrical studies of Bi2S3 nanoparticles and their impact on the superconducting properties of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ ceramics

Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the green chemistry process via Laurus nobilis plant extract as a stabilizing agent. Structure and crystallite size were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The average particle size was explored by transmission electron microscopy. Optical properties were carried out using UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Electrical properties were performed using complex impedance spectroscopy. The effect of Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles on the superconducting properties of bismuth-based compound ((Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O δ ) was reported. It was found that Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles exhibit an orthorhombic structure with an average particle size of 30 nm, and a band gap of 1.73 eV. Furthermore, the inclusion of a suitable amount of Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles into the (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O δ superconducting compound is an efficient route for improving the superconducting performances.