Quantification of insecticide spatial distribution within individual citrus trees and efficacy through Asian citrus psyllid reductions under different application methods
BACKGROUND Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) has infected >90% of Florida's oranges and thus growers are desperate to improve pest management strategies. In this field study, insecticide application efficacy was investigated with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pest management science 2021-04, Vol.77 (4), p.1748-1756 |
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| creator | Rehberg, Rachelle A Trivedi, Pankaj Bahureksa, William Sharp, Julia L Stokes, Sean C Menger, Ruth F Borch, Thomas |
| description | BACKGROUND
Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) has infected >90% of Florida's oranges and thus growers are desperate to improve pest management strategies. In this field study, insecticide application efficacy was investigated with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if insecticide concentration and distribution were effective at killing the target pest Asian citrus psyllids (ACP). Sample discs attached to leaves were sprayed with imidacloprid and malathion at a field site in Florida. Application method, canopy height and depth, cardinal side of tree, and leaf side were considered to assess the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout citrus trees. Furthermore, ACP were inspected before and after insecticide applications to quantify psyllid population response.
RESULTS
Our findings show that although insecticide concentrations were high enough to kill ACP, the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout individual trees was highly variable and live ACP were detected after insecticide application. The top side of leaves received significantly more insecticide than the underside of leaves. Additionally, inadequate distribution to different areas of the tree canopy was observed for all application methods tested (aerial, ground speed‐sprayer, and ground side‐sprayer). Inspections of ACP populations before and after insecticide applications resulted in reductions of 85% (malathion) and 48–80% (imidacloprid).
CONCLUSIONS
The variability in insecticide spatial distribution due to application method allows remaining ACP to continue spreading citrus greening disease to unprotected trees. Further research is needed to improve insecticide application methods and technology for citrus trees in order to implement effective pest management strategies and fully target ACP to eliminate HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Results showed inadequate insecticide distribution and psyllid reductions after both ground and aerial applications.
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ps.6195 |
| format | Article |
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Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) has infected >90% of Florida's oranges and thus growers are desperate to improve pest management strategies. In this field study, insecticide application efficacy was investigated with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if insecticide concentration and distribution were effective at killing the target pest Asian citrus psyllids (ACP). Sample discs attached to leaves were sprayed with imidacloprid and malathion at a field site in Florida. Application method, canopy height and depth, cardinal side of tree, and leaf side were considered to assess the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout citrus trees. Furthermore, ACP were inspected before and after insecticide applications to quantify psyllid population response.
RESULTS
Our findings show that although insecticide concentrations were high enough to kill ACP, the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout individual trees was highly variable and live ACP were detected after insecticide application. The top side of leaves received significantly more insecticide than the underside of leaves. Additionally, inadequate distribution to different areas of the tree canopy was observed for all application methods tested (aerial, ground speed‐sprayer, and ground side‐sprayer). Inspections of ACP populations before and after insecticide applications resulted in reductions of 85% (malathion) and 48–80% (imidacloprid).
CONCLUSIONS
The variability in insecticide spatial distribution due to application method allows remaining ACP to continue spreading citrus greening disease to unprotected trees. Further research is needed to improve insecticide application methods and technology for citrus trees in order to implement effective pest management strategies and fully target ACP to eliminate HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Results showed inadequate insecticide distribution and psyllid reductions after both ground and aerial applications.
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-498X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4998</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ps.6195</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33236405</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacterial diseases ; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) ; Canopies ; Citrus ; Citrus fruits ; Citrus greening ; citrus greening disease ; Citrus trees ; Diaphorina citri Kuwayama ; Florida ; Fruit trees ; Fruits ; Ground speed ; Hemiptera ; Huanglongbing ; Imidacloprid ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Leaves ; Liquid chromatography ; Malathion ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Pest control ; pest management ; pesticide efficacy ; Pests ; Plant bacterial diseases ; Plant diseases ; Plant Diseases - prevention & control ; Rhizobiaceae ; Spatial distribution ; Sprays ; Trees</subject><ispartof>Pest management science, 2021-04, Vol.77 (4), p.1748-1756</ispartof><rights>2020 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2020 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3455-2fbae0934f33cd0cfc388aecfb489a1375c2aa0598846cf3f00498aed9db9e2b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3455-2fbae0934f33cd0cfc388aecfb489a1375c2aa0598846cf3f00498aed9db9e2b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2425-8079 ; 0000-0003-3056-3595 ; 0000-0001-5528-0511 ; 0000-0001-9019-3739 ; 0000-0002-4251-1613</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fps.6195$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fps.6195$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33236405$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rehberg, Rachelle A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trivedi, Pankaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahureksa, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharp, Julia L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stokes, Sean C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menger, Ruth F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borch, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Quantification of insecticide spatial distribution within individual citrus trees and efficacy through Asian citrus psyllid reductions under different application methods</title><title>Pest management science</title><addtitle>Pest Manag Sci</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) has infected >90% of Florida's oranges and thus growers are desperate to improve pest management strategies. In this field study, insecticide application efficacy was investigated with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if insecticide concentration and distribution were effective at killing the target pest Asian citrus psyllids (ACP). Sample discs attached to leaves were sprayed with imidacloprid and malathion at a field site in Florida. Application method, canopy height and depth, cardinal side of tree, and leaf side were considered to assess the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout citrus trees. Furthermore, ACP were inspected before and after insecticide applications to quantify psyllid population response.
RESULTS
Our findings show that although insecticide concentrations were high enough to kill ACP, the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout individual trees was highly variable and live ACP were detected after insecticide application. The top side of leaves received significantly more insecticide than the underside of leaves. Additionally, inadequate distribution to different areas of the tree canopy was observed for all application methods tested (aerial, ground speed‐sprayer, and ground side‐sprayer). Inspections of ACP populations before and after insecticide applications resulted in reductions of 85% (malathion) and 48–80% (imidacloprid).
CONCLUSIONS
The variability in insecticide spatial distribution due to application method allows remaining ACP to continue spreading citrus greening disease to unprotected trees. Further research is needed to improve insecticide application methods and technology for citrus trees in order to implement effective pest management strategies and fully target ACP to eliminate HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Results showed inadequate insecticide distribution and psyllid reductions after both ground and aerial applications.
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>Citrus</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Citrus greening</subject><subject>citrus greening disease</subject><subject>Citrus trees</subject><subject>Diaphorina citri Kuwayama</subject><subject>Florida</subject><subject>Fruit trees</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Ground speed</subject><subject>Hemiptera</subject><subject>Huanglongbing</subject><subject>Imidacloprid</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Malathion</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>pest management</subject><subject>pesticide efficacy</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Plant bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Rhizobiaceae</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Sprays</subject><subject>Trees</subject><issn>1526-498X</issn><issn>1526-4998</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV1rFDEUhoMo9kPxH0jACy9kayaZmSaXpdQPKKio4N2QSU7cU2YzY07Ssn_JX2m22-2dVwnJw_MezsvYq0acNULI9wud9Y3pnrDjppP9qjVGP328619H7IToRghhjJHP2ZFSUvWt6I7Z32_FxowBnc04Rz4HjpHAZXTogdNSn-3EPVJOOJZ75g7zGmPlPN6iL_XbYU6FeE4AxG30HMLO6LY8r9Ncfq_5BaGNB26h7TSh5wl8cTsl8RI9pBoTAiSImdtlmQ4zbSCvZ08v2LNgJ4KXD-cp-_nh6sflp9X1l4-fLy-uV061XbeSYbQgjGqDUs4LF5zS2oILY6uNbdR556S1ojNat70LKghRV2TBGz8akKM6ZW_23iXNfwpQHm7mkmKNHGQnGn0uda8q9XZPuTQTJQjDknBj03ZoxLDrZFho2HVSydcPvjJuwD9yhxIq8G4P3OEE2_95hq_f73X_ALCAmtk</recordid><startdate>202104</startdate><enddate>202104</enddate><creator>Rehberg, Rachelle A</creator><creator>Trivedi, Pankaj</creator><creator>Bahureksa, William</creator><creator>Sharp, Julia L</creator><creator>Stokes, Sean C</creator><creator>Menger, Ruth F</creator><creator>Borch, Thomas</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-8079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-3595</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5528-0511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-3739</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1613</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202104</creationdate><title>Quantification of insecticide spatial distribution within individual citrus trees and efficacy through Asian citrus psyllid reductions under different application methods</title><author>Rehberg, Rachelle A ; Trivedi, Pankaj ; Bahureksa, William ; Sharp, Julia L ; Stokes, Sean C ; Menger, Ruth F ; Borch, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3455-2fbae0934f33cd0cfc388aecfb489a1375c2aa0598846cf3f00498aed9db9e2b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)</topic><topic>Canopies</topic><topic>Citrus</topic><topic>Citrus fruits</topic><topic>Citrus greening</topic><topic>citrus greening disease</topic><topic>Citrus trees</topic><topic>Diaphorina citri Kuwayama</topic><topic>Florida</topic><topic>Fruit trees</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Ground speed</topic><topic>Hemiptera</topic><topic>Huanglongbing</topic><topic>Imidacloprid</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Insecticides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Malathion</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Pest control</topic><topic>pest management</topic><topic>pesticide efficacy</topic><topic>Pests</topic><topic>Plant bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Plant diseases</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - prevention & control</topic><topic>Rhizobiaceae</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Sprays</topic><topic>Trees</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rehberg, Rachelle A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trivedi, Pankaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahureksa, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharp, Julia L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stokes, Sean C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menger, Ruth F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borch, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Pest management science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rehberg, Rachelle A</au><au>Trivedi, Pankaj</au><au>Bahureksa, William</au><au>Sharp, Julia L</au><au>Stokes, Sean C</au><au>Menger, Ruth F</au><au>Borch, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantification of insecticide spatial distribution within individual citrus trees and efficacy through Asian citrus psyllid reductions under different application methods</atitle><jtitle>Pest management science</jtitle><addtitle>Pest Manag Sci</addtitle><date>2021-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1748</spage><epage>1756</epage><pages>1748-1756</pages><issn>1526-498X</issn><eissn>1526-4998</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) has infected >90% of Florida's oranges and thus growers are desperate to improve pest management strategies. In this field study, insecticide application efficacy was investigated with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if insecticide concentration and distribution were effective at killing the target pest Asian citrus psyllids (ACP). Sample discs attached to leaves were sprayed with imidacloprid and malathion at a field site in Florida. Application method, canopy height and depth, cardinal side of tree, and leaf side were considered to assess the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout citrus trees. Furthermore, ACP were inspected before and after insecticide applications to quantify psyllid population response.
RESULTS
Our findings show that although insecticide concentrations were high enough to kill ACP, the spatial distribution of insecticides throughout individual trees was highly variable and live ACP were detected after insecticide application. The top side of leaves received significantly more insecticide than the underside of leaves. Additionally, inadequate distribution to different areas of the tree canopy was observed for all application methods tested (aerial, ground speed‐sprayer, and ground side‐sprayer). Inspections of ACP populations before and after insecticide applications resulted in reductions of 85% (malathion) and 48–80% (imidacloprid).
CONCLUSIONS
The variability in insecticide spatial distribution due to application method allows remaining ACP to continue spreading citrus greening disease to unprotected trees. Further research is needed to improve insecticide application methods and technology for citrus trees in order to implement effective pest management strategies and fully target ACP to eliminate HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Results showed inadequate insecticide distribution and psyllid reductions after both ground and aerial applications.
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>33236405</pmid><doi>10.1002/ps.6195</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-8079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-3595</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5528-0511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-3739</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1613</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Bacterial diseases Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) Canopies Citrus Citrus fruits Citrus greening citrus greening disease Citrus trees Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Florida Fruit trees Fruits Ground speed Hemiptera Huanglongbing Imidacloprid Insecticides Insecticides - pharmacology Leaves Liquid chromatography Malathion Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Pest control pest management pesticide efficacy Pests Plant bacterial diseases Plant diseases Plant Diseases - prevention & control Rhizobiaceae Spatial distribution Sprays Trees |
| title | Quantification of insecticide spatial distribution within individual citrus trees and efficacy through Asian citrus psyllid reductions under different application methods |
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