Childhood cancer: Estimating regional and global incidence

•Our model clearly demonstrates that the global burden of childhood cancer is underestimated.•Cancers are more likely to be missed in countries with lower levels of human development.•Cancers presenting with non-specific symptoms (e.g. leukaemias and brain tumours) are more likely to be missed. Most of the world’s population is not covered by cancer surveillance systems or vital registration, and worldwide/UN-regional cancer incidence is estimated using a variety of methods. Quantifying the cancer burden in children (