Bidirectional integrated on-board chargers for electric vehicles—a review

This paper reviews about the bidirectional on-board chargers for electric vehicles. The chargers are of two types: on-board chargers and off-board chargers. The overall size, weight and cost of the onboard chargers can be reduced using integrated on-board chargers where the drive train components are used for propulsion as well as for charging. Four-quadrant operation of the drive is possible using the bidirectional converters in the drive train. Regenerative braking control in the integrated on-board chargers aids in proper utilization of braking energy, which in turn increases the driving range of the vehicle. Various on-board chargers are presented and their working, advantages and limitations are discussed here.