Monte Carlo simulation combined with experimental measurements based on gamma transmission technique for determining the density of liquid

In this study, we propose a new approach for determining the density of liquid based on the gamma transmission technique in combination with Monte Carlo simulation. This approach involves analysing the sensitivity of the measurement whilst changing the diameter of a tube containing a liquid and then based on the simulated data to construct a linear calibration curve. The proposed approach is validated by measuring the density of nine liquids with a density in the range of 0.6–2.0 g cm−3 for four various diameters of the tubes. The results showed the percent difference between the measured and the reference densities of less than 5% for most measurements, and the relative uncertainty of measurements of less than 4%. •An approach for determining the liquid density was based on Monte Carlo simulation combined with experimental measurements.•The sensitivity of measurement depends on the diameter of tube containing a liquid.•The linear calibration curve for determining the liquid density is entirely constructed by Monte Carlo simulation.•Nine liquids and four diameters of tubes were used in experiments to validate the proposed approach.