Heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with blade-shape turbulators

In the current study, the turbulent forced convection heat transfer of Fe 3 O 4 /-CNT/water hybrid nanofluid (HNF) in a heat exchanger (HE) equipped with blade-shape turbulators is studied. The 3D governing equations have been solved numerically with SIMPLEC algorithm and solution domain by employing the control volume method (CVM). The impact of Reynolds number (Re), volume concentration of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles ( φ M ) and CNTs ( φ CNT ) and blade-rod diameter (d r ) on the performance features of HE are evaluated. The results showed that the PEC of HNF augments with the augmentation of Re and φ M , while with intensifying dr, the PEC first rises and then declines. The outcomes showed that the highest PEC occurs at Re = 9000, φ M = 0.9%, φ CNT = 1.35% and d r = 15mm.