Modelling the density of Al2O3–CaO–MgO–SiO2 system using the CALPHAD approach

The density of Al2O3–CaO–MgO–SiO2 system is calculated using a model for molar volume. The model is similar to the one used for enthalpy of a multicomponent solution in the CALPHAD approach. The expression for molar volume consists of two terms: one representing the volume contribution from pure components and the other the volume of mixing. The molar volume of mixing takes into account of the binary and the ternary interactions. A total of 565 experimental density data for the constituent unary, binary and ternary systems were collected from the literature. These were used as input to simultaneously optimise the model parameters describing the molar volume, after ensuring that the data belong to a fully molten state. During the optimisation 48 data points that showed significant deviation from the average trend were excluded. The optimised model parameters for the unary, binary and ternary subsystems were used to calculate the density of the quaternary system. The calculated results were compared with experimental data. Finally, it is shown that the volume of mixing of binary systems correlates well with the corresponding enthalpy of mixing.