Understanding corporate influence on science and the use of science - presentation of a new typology

Abstract Corporations responsible for so-called 'industrial epidemics' go to great lengths to stifle policymaking concerning their products and practices, including through interactions with science. Here we present a newly-created typology which illustrates the ways in which industries attempt to influence science and the use of science. Our analysis of the literature identified sectors of industry involved, strategies used by industries, and key relationships between these strategies. Eight sectors of industry attempted to influence science and the use of science: tobacco, alcohol, processed food and drink, pharmaceuticals and medical technologies, gambling, chemicals and manufacturing, fossil fuels, and the extractive industry. We identified five macro strategies widely used by industries: influence on conduct and publication of science, influence on interpretation of science, influence on reach of science, influence on the use of science in policymaking, and over-arching supporting strategies. Across eight sectors of industry, strategies used in order to influence science are strikingly similar. When taken together, these appear to represent attempts to permeate and mould systems through which science is created, interpreted and used. This typology provides an accessible way to understand the strategies used by industry to influence science and the use of science. It can be used to pre-empt and counter future industry activity within contexts including academia, healthcare, and regulatory decision-making