Development of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Films Based on Corn Starch with Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L

The objective of this work is to prepare biodegradable films of corn starch, replacing a part of the distilled water used in the formulation of the filmogenic solution with an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSE) and evaluate its functional properties and antimicrobial capacity. The films are made by casting method, adding different HSE:water volume ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 as control. All films with HSE showed an antimicrobial effect, giving positive results against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli. It is observed that, with the increase in the proportion of HSE, the films are more manageable and glossy than those of starch alone and a more intense red color as the extract content increased, significantly improving its mechanical properties, mainly when the HSE content is above 25% on the filmogenic solution. Likewise, the addition of the extract significantly improved the water vapor barrier capacity of the films. According to the results obtained in this study, corn starch films with aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa are an excellent alternative as a biodegradable packaging material for the food industry, with good functional properties and antimicrobial capacity. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a plant with a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. H. sabdariffa extracts (HSE) can be incorporated into the formulation of starch biodegradable films to obtain antimicrobial materials. The antimicrobial capacity of the films with HSE is effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus Aureus.