A Novel DIBR 3D Image Hashing Scheme Based on Pixel Grouping and NMF

Most of the traditional 2D image hashing schemes do not take into account the change of viewpoint when constructing the final hash vector. This result in the classification accuracy rate is unsatisfactory when applied for depth-image-based rendering (DBIR) 3D image identification. In this work, pixel grouping based on histogram shape and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) are applied to design DIBR 3D image hashing with better robustness resisting to geometric distortions and higher classification accuracy rate for virtual image identification. Experiments show that the proposed hashing is robust against common signal and geometric distortion attacks, such as additive noise, blurring, JPEG compression, scaling, and rotation. Compared with the state-of-art schemes of traditional 2D image hashing, the proposed hashing achieves better performances under above attacks, especially for virtual image identification.