Fabrication of amperometric sensor for glucose detection based on phosphotungstic acid–assisted PDPA/ZnO nanohybrid composite

Amperometric sensor of polydiphenylamine (PDPA)/phosphotungstic acid (PTA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) on glassy carbon (GC) nanohybrid composite electrode (GC/PDPA/PTA/ZnO) fabricated via facile electrochemical deposition method. The structural geometry and surface morphology were recorded by X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electro-catalytic properties and performances of nanohybrid composite were recorded by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. PTA-assisted PDPA/ZnO-ME shows linear steady-state response towards glucose with superior sensitivity of 20.30 μA μM −1 cm −2 , lowest detection limit 0.1 μM, and rapid response less than 2 s. The improved electro-catalytic performance towards glucose by GC/PDPA/PTA/ZnO is due to the combined existence of diphenoquinone diamine (DPDI 2+ ) and phosphotungstic acid anion which provides a higher electro-catalytic active spots leads to more electron transport pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Interference analyses confirm the prepared nanohybrid sensor is best apt for glucose detection claims its practical biomedical application. Graphical abstract