Preventing Vicarious Trauma (VT), Compassion Fatigue (CF), and Burnout (BO) in Forensic Mental Health: Forensic Psychology as Exemplar

In this article, we address the concepts of vicarious trauma (VT), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout (BO) within the context of forensic mental health. These are related, albeit distinct, concepts that have been used to describe patterns of negative emotional outcomes in various employment contexts. We begin with a general review and delineation of VT, CF, and BO before discussing these outcomes across professions. Then, we discuss these concepts in the specific context of forensic mental health to include how such issues can impact students, trainees, early career professionals (ECPs), supervisors and instructors, and practitioners. We then use the subfield of forensic psychology as exemplar, whereby we outline relevant research and address VT, CF, and BO within the context of criminal, civil, and administrative matters as well as treatment, teaching, and research contexts. Subsequently, we outline four areas of consideration for those working in the forensic arena, specifically, (a) identifying potential risk factors; (b) recognizing, developing, and strengthening protective factors; (c) overcoming self-care and treatment barriers; and (d) identifying and engaging in therapeutic interventions. Lastly, we set forth a formal call for research, which we believe is essential to the development of a more meaningful understanding of the connection between VT, CF, and BO in forensic mental health. Public Significance Statement Much research is needed to understand the impact of what is referred to as vicarious trauma (VT), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout (BO) in forensic mental health professionals. Doing so will assist in efforts to ensure clinicians are engaging in their work competently and professionally.