Extensive evaluation of changes in structural, chemical and thermal properties of copper sulfide nanoparticles at different calcination temperature

•Change the structure with temperature (hexagonal, rhombohedral and monoclinic).•Increase the crystallite size due to increase temperature.•CuS change into CuO at temperature 750 °C.•Non-uniform and irregular surface morphology of the materials.•Phase shift was identified by (TGA) analysis. Present study is related to synthesize copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles by co-precipitation method varying calcinations temperature regimes (250,500 and 750 °C) respectively. These nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by using various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR and TGA. Deviation in crystallite size, crystal structure (hexagonal, rhombohedral and monoclinic), texture coefficient and lattice parameters were identified by using XRD analysis. SEM micrograph represented that the grain size increase by increasing temperature and EDX graph shows the elemental composition of nanomaterials. Moreover, the FTIR analysis depicted the different rotational and vibrational mode attached to the surface of CuS-NPs and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) used to identify phase shifting with varying temperature. Finally, structural analysis revealed that with increase in temperature as-synthesized. CuS transform into non-stoichiometric Cu9S5 at 250 °C to CuSO4 at 500 °C and then change into CuO (750 °C).