Ethnic bias, economic success, and trust: Findings from large sample experiments in Germany and the United States through the Trustlab platform

The ethnic in-group bias, defined as the propensity to favour members of one's own ethnic group in terms of monetary payoff, is significant in both countries. [...]we show that group loyalty exists not only according to ethnicity but also according to income, as rich German parentage subjects trust other rich in-group members significantly more than do non-rich Germans. [...]the demarcation between the "us" and the "them" has become more pronounced in the psychology of many individuals, particularly after widespread feeling of insecurity caused by the 2008 economic crisis in many cohorts of the population (Algan et al., 2017? While previous research typically focused on cross-national discrimination, or within-country discrimination between two ethnic groups, our use of large samples makes it possible to study differentiation patterns between the ethnic majority, two specified minority groups, and a residual group, in both countries.