A case-control study of autonomic function tests in male cigarette smokers and healthy control subjects

Cigarette users have increase in systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP, but no significance difference was found in our study, BP response to standing shows decrease in systolic BP and sustained handgrip test (SHG) response is also decrease in diastolic BP in cigarette users than the control healthy subjects. Autonomic Function Test; Smokers; Non-smokers; Diastolic Blood Pressure; Systolic Blood Pressure; Orthostatic Fall; Sustained Hand Grip Test INTRODUCTION The blood-related effects of cigarette smoking are mediated by alkaloid. [3] The World Health Organization reports on global status of noncommunicable diseases (2010) stated that cigarette causes an increase in lung cancer deaths, chronic respiratory diseases, and nearly 10% of the cardiovascular diseases, communicable diseases tuberculosis, and lower respiratory infections.™ Cigarette smoking on leukocyte count reflects inflammatory activity, exposures to oxidants, or vulnerability of the host toward inflammatory conditions, inflammatory response elicited by cigarette is due to protein degrading enzymes, released by the neutrophil.™ Cigarette smoking leads all phases of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction, later causes thrombosis. [6] The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate increasing effects of cigarette smoking are due to increase catecholamine blood levels that are dependent on the adrenergic stimulation)71 Cigarette smoking also impacts the baroreceptors sensitivity in humans, which may increase in the BP and the heart rate as well as to the concomitant changes in their variability.