The COVID-19 pandemic: theoretical scenarios of its socioeconomic impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean

ABSTRACT This paper provides some theoretical scenarios the socioeconomic impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). To do so, after a brief literature review of previous pandemics, we use the macro and microeconomic theory, together with aggregated data,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 2020-10, Vol.40 (4), p.622-646
Hauptverfasser: LANCHIMBA, CINTYA, BONILLA-BOLAÑOS, ANDREA, DÍAZ-SÁNCHEZ, JUAN PABLO
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:ABSTRACT This paper provides some theoretical scenarios the socioeconomic impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). To do so, after a brief literature review of previous pandemics, we use the macro and microeconomic theory, together with aggregated data, in order to provide expected implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the LAC region. At a macroeconomic level, we explain how the COVID-19 shock is causing both aggregate supply and aggregate demand to reduce so plunging the region into a recession and why such a recession is dangerously harmful for the LAC economies. At a micro level, we describe why some enterprises would adapt to remain in the market or even growth; by contrast, some of them would leave the market in the short term. For the consumers, the impact of this sanitary crisis is related to the change in their preferences and household members’ relations due to extended quarantines. RESUMO Este artigo apresenta alguns cenários teóricos dos impactos socioeconômicos causados pela pandemia da Covid-19 na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC). Para isso, após uma breve revisão da literatura de pandemias anteriores, usamos a teoria macro e microeconômica, juntamente com dados agregados, a fim de fornecer implicações esperadas da pandemia de Covid-19 para a região da ALC. No nível macroeconômico, explicamos como o choque de Covid-19 está causando uma redução na oferta agregada e na demanda agregada, mergulhando a região em uma recessão, e por que essa recessão é perigosamente prejudicial para as economias da ALC. No nível micro, descrevemos por que algumas empresas se adaptariam para permanecer no mercado ou até para crescer; por outro lado, alguns deles sairiam do mercado no curto prazo. Para os consumidores, o impacto dessa crise sanitária está relacionado à mudança nas preferências e nas relações dos familiares devido a quarentenas prolongadas.
ISSN:0101-3157
1809-4538
1809-4538
DOI:10.1590/0101-31572020-3199