Large Synchronous Motors as Drivers for Centrifugal Compressors in LNG Liquefaction Plants

Centrifugal compressors are major components in LNG liquefaction plants. Design considerations for optimal selection and proper sizing of compressor drivers include large starting torque requirements to enable compressor start from settle-out conditions and to prevent flaring the gas. Start-up capabilities of the motor driver can significantly impact the reliability and operability of the compressor train. The article reviews the requirements of API 617 and API 546, and addresses a number of important design and sizing criteria used to properly match the large centrifugal compressor and its synchronous motor driver. In the effort to optimize plant design and maintain the performance requirements, the article discusses optimization options, such as direct on line starting method to explore the motor rating limits, and the use of synchronous motors for power factor correction to eliminate or reduce the need for reactive power compensation by capacitor banks. This article presents a novel approach to show constant reactive power lines on traditional V curves. It also complements capability curves of synchronous motors with lines of constant efficiency.