Advanced comminution modelling: Part 1 – Crushers

•Drivers for growth and challenges for the mineral processing industry are reviewed.•DEM models including breakage are capable of simulating industrial scale crushers.•Compression and impact crushers can be investigated in detail using these models.•Breakage and flow are analysed in twin roll and cone crushers.•Crushing behaviour in a VSI involves multiple mechanisms of impact breakage. Particle scale modelling of comminution processes can provide significant insight into the flow of particles, their breakage, the effect of slurry, wear and energy utilisation within these machines. The ability to use such models to assist in faster and lower cost design of new comminution devices and in the improvement of existing ones will be critical to the ability of industry to respond to the substantive challenges facing mineral processing in the next decade. These challenges are reviewed and drivers for change are discussed. Understanding individual unit process performance needs to be in the context of the flowsheets in which they are used so this is also reviewed. Advances in particle based comminution modelling are presented with this work divided into two parts. This first part focuses on recent advances in particle based modelling of crushing. Three crusher types are used to demonstrate these capabilities: 1. Twin roll crusher 2. Cone crusher 3. Vertical Shaft Impactor (VSI) These show the nature and level of fidelity that is now possible to include in particle scale crusher models including breakage of non-spherical particles and prediction of the product size distribution and throughput.