Graphene film with folds for a stable lithium metal anode

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth limits the practical applications of LMBs. Herein, we report a graphene film with folds, which is applied between a Li metal anode and a separator as an interlayer, to regulate and inhibit dendrite growth and to simply create a Li anode capable of safe and stable circulation. Li metal anodes with graphene film can not only improve the life cycle of symmetrical cells up to 500 h at a low capacity of 1 mA h cm −2 and a low current density of 1 mA cm −2 , but also promote cycle life up to 100 h at a capacity of 5 mA h cm −2 and a current density of 10 mA cm −2 . In addition, we improve the electrochemical properties of lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries by using a composite anode.