( )-Catechin & Proanthocyanidin Fraction of Uncaria gambir Roxb. Improve Adipocytes Differentiation & Glucose Uptake of 3T3-L1 Cells Via Sirtuin-1, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ? (PPAR ?), Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT-4) Expressions

Article info Article History: Received: 29 Nov. 2019 Revised: 26 Dec. 2019 Accepted: 28 Jan. 2020 Republished: 9 Aug. 2020 Keywords: * Diabetes mellitus * Obesity * Proanthocyanidin * Sirtuin-1 * Uncaria gambir Roxb. * 3T3-L1 Abstract Purpose: To improve adipocytes differentiation & glucose uptake activity of 3T3-L1 cells through sirtuin-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPAR y), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) of (+)-catechin & proanthocyanidin fraction Uncaria gambir Roxb. Obesity is a physiological condition which is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 There were previous studies suggested natural compounds containing polyphenols have a positive impact on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus related to obesity.2 Uncaria gambir Roxb. is one of the plants found in Southeast Asia that is used by traditional communities to treat diabetes because of its polyphenol compounds.3 The main polyphenol in Uncaria gambir Roxb. are the catechin family with the major compound is (+) -catechin. Adipocyte cells in addition to have a function in storage, it also has an ability to secrete various proteins protein in the form of enzymes, transcription factors and carrier molecules.5,6 Proteins such as sirtuin-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPAR y), and GLUT-4 have an important role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.7 Sirtuin-1 is a master regulator enzyme found in adipocyte cells and plays a role in the bodys energy balance. Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) is a carrier molecule that is responsible for glucose uptake activity to enter adipocyte cells.6,7 Sirtuin-1 had been hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of PPAR y and GLUT-4 genes.