Approximation Piecewise Stabilization of the Thermal Voltage Coefficient of Reference Voltage Sources

There are many cases in which standard reference voltage sources exhibit a number of flaws, in particular, unipolarity and a high thermal voltage coefficient. The latter flaw is especially important, as reference voltage sources are used, as a rule, in a broad range of temperatures. This article considers the technique of approximation piecewise stabilization of the thermal voltage coefficient and the circuit design for constructing a bipolar source of reference voltage with a low temperature coefficient, a source that is configured on the basis of standard integrated circuits of operational amplifiers. In terms of thermal voltage coefficient, the proposed circuit design is among the best examples of commercial reference voltage sources usable in a broad range of feeding voltages and characterized by bipolar output voltages.