Enhancing the Aspirin Loading and Release Efficiency of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Using Oleic Acid‐based Bio‐Surfactant from Enteromorpha intestinalis

This study is an attempt to improve the loading and release potential of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) using Oleic acid based bio‐surfactant isolated from Enteromorpha instestinalis. The isolated Oleic acid based bio‐surfactant was characterized using GC–MS, NMR, and HPLC. The AgO NPs were then surface‐functionalized with the bio‐surfactant and analyzed using XRD, HR‐TEM/SAED, DLS, UV–Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate the loading of aspirin and functional groups responsible for loading. The model drug Aspirin that has depreciated bio‐availability due to poor solubility was used to test the drug carrier efficiency of the AgO NPs after the surface‐functionalization. The loading of aspirin was increased by up to 80% in bio‐surfactants than PEG‐coated NPs (72%) at a 1:1 ratio (Aspirin/NP). The drug release profile of aspirin was evaluated by dialysis at different acidic conditions (pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) and the active release of aspirin was observed in pH 6.8 and bio‐surfactant produced better release than PEG and commercial tablet in all the pH conditions. To identify the mechanism of release from the carrier, the release kinetics was studied using zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi's, and Korsmeyer Peppas equations and found that the release was time‐dependent and non‐fickian. We tried all the possibilities and were satisfied with the graphical could be the best possible accuracy that hierarchically reveal the table of contents. Also, we request the board to kindly clarify on which format should we produce the title and author names in.