Traveling wave‐based protection for TCSC connected transmission lines using game theory

This article aims to propose a novel single‐end protection scheme for the compensated transmission line using traveling waves and game theory. First, this study evaluates the effects of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) on traveling waves (TW) passing through TCSC location. Following that, it investigates the impacts of TCSC switching on conventional protections based on the traveling wave theory. In the next stage, a single‐end method will be presented to protect faults on compensated transmission lines with TCSC. Moreover, the game theory will be employed to discriminate extracted TWs in this article. In total, two techniques (ie, mathematical morphology filter [MMF] and discrete wavelet transform [DWT]) will be used to process the signals and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed scheme regarding the extraction techniques of TW. The proposed protection scheme is revealed to be a reliable and accurate method for all possible types of faults on compensated transmission lines at the middle of the line and with various fault inception angles. According to the results, a significant portion of the high‐frequency TW is reflected according to the different TCSC modes. On the other hand, MOV performance and TCSC losses result in an increase in the refraction coefficient and a decrease in the reflection coefficient at high frequencies. Reflections at the TCSC location can challenge traveling wave‐based protection methods and lead to their inaccurate performance in detection of reflected TW from fault point.