Effects of habituation to humans of pasture-born beef calves

A process to habituate pasture-born calves to humans was carried out on the pasture, and the response to human approach and handling was examined. The sample group consisted of 11 Japanese black calves, of which 6 were selected for the habituation group. Habituation was performed by stroking the calves gently for 5 min per day, starting within 48 h after birth and continuing for 6 consecutive days. The examiner’s actions during habituation were classified into “gently stroking,” “gently stroking while holding,” and “holding,” and the durations were measured. Next, the escape response of the calves towards humans was examined 5 times from the end of the habituation period until 90 days after birth, and the avoidance distance and score were determined. Finally, the time required to attach the ear-tag and the behavioral scores of the calves were measured. As the habituation progressed, the action of “gently stroking” increased, and “gently stroking while holding” and “holding” decreased (P