Toward a hemorrhagic trauma severity score: fusing five physiological biomarkers

Background To introduce the Hemorrhage Intensive Severity and Survivability (HISS) score, based on the fusion of multi-biomarker data; glucose, lactate, pH, potassium, and oxygen tension, to serve as a patient-specific attribute in hemorrhagic trauma. Materials and methods One hundred instances of Sensible Fictitious Rationalized Patient (SFRP) data were synthetically generated and the HISS score assigned by five clinically active physician experts (100 [5]). The HISS score stratifies the criticality of the trauma patient as; low(0), guarded(1), elevated(2), high(3) and severe(4). Standard classifier algorithms; linear support vector machine (SVM-L), multi-class ensemble bagged decision tree (EBDT), artificial neural network with bayesian regularization (ANN:BR) and possibility rule-based using function approximation (PRBF) were evaluated for their potential to similarly classify and predict a HISS score. Results SVM-L, EBDT, ANN:BR and PRBF generated score predictions with testing accuracies (majority vote) corresponding to 0.91 +/- 0.06, 0.93 +/- 0.04, 0.92 +/- 0.07, and 0.92 +/- 0.03, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Targeted accuracies of 0.99 and 0.999 could be achieved with SFRP data size and clinical expert scores of 147[7](0.99) and 154[9](0.999), respectively. Conclusions The predictions of the data-driven model in conjunction with an adjunct multi-analyte biosensor intended for point-of-care continual monitoring of trauma patients, can aid in patient stratification and triage decision-making.