A meta-analysis of potential biomarkers associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background Prognostic factors for the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID1-9) are not well established. This study aimed to summarize the available data on the association between the severity of COVID-19 and common hematological, inflammatory and biochemical parameters. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of sciences were searched to identify all published studies providing relevant data. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool effect sizes. Results The bibliographic search yielded 287 citations, 31 of which were finally retained. Meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases showed that CK-MB (SMD = 0.68,95%CI: 0.48;0.87;P-value:< 0.001), troponin I (SMD = 0.71, 95%CI:0.42;1.00;P-value:< 0.001), D-dimer (SMD = 0.54,95%CI:0.31;0.77;P-value:< 0.001), prothrombin time (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI:0.23;0.73;P-value:< 0.001), procalcitonin (SMD = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.34;1,11;P-value:< 0.001), interleukin-6 (SMD = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.25;1.61;P-value:0.007),C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = 1.34, 95%CI:0.83;1.86;P-value:< 0.001), ALAT (SMD = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.34;0,71;P-value:< 0.001), ASAT (SMD = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.58;1.34;P-value:< 0.001), LDH (SMD = 1.36, 95%CI: 0.75;1.98;P-value:< 0.001), CK (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.10;0.87;P-value:0.01), total bilirubin (SMD = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.18;0.47;P-value:< 0.001), gamma-GT (SMD = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.83;1.22;P-value:< 0.001), myoglobin (SMD = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.81;1.47;P-value:< 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (SMD = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.18;0.47;P-value:< 0.001) and Creatininemia (SMD = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.01;0.35;P-value:0.04) were significantly more elevated in severe cases, in opposition to lymphocyte count (SMD = -0.57, 95%CI:-0.71; - 0.42;P-value:< 0.001) and proportion of lymphocytes (SMD = -0.81, 95%CI: - 1.12; - 0.49;P-value:< 0.001) which were found to be significantly lower in severe patients with other biomarker such as thrombocytes (SMD = -0.26, 95%CI: - 0.48; - 0.04;P-value:0.02), eosinophils (SMD = - 0.28, 95%CI:-0.50; - 0.06;P-value:0.01), haemoglobin (SMD = -0.20, 95%CI: - 0.37,-0.03;P-value:0.02), albuminemia (SMD-1.67,95%CI -2.40; - 0.94;P-value:< 0.001), which were also lower. Furthermore, severe COVID-19 cases had a higher risk to have lymphopenia (RR =1.66, 95%CI: 1.26;2.20;P-value:0.002), thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.59;2.17;P-value: < 0.001), elevated procalcitonin level (RR = 2.94, 95%CI: 2.09-4.15;P-value:< 0.001), CRP (RR =1.41,95%CI: 1.17-1.70;P-value:0.003), ASAT(RR =2.27, 95%CI: 1.76;2.94;P-valu